Globally interconnected solar-wind system addresses future
Here, we outline an optimized, phased pathway for integrating solar and wind energy into a globally interconnected and fully coordinated power system.
However, with the increasing capacity of wind and solar power, the issue of abandoning wind and solar energy is unavoidable, and conventional hydropower cannot effectively store the electricity generated from abandoned wind and solar power (Jin et al., 2023).
In the context of energy conservation and emission reduction, the integration and consumption of large-scale wind and solar resources is an inevitable trend in future energy development. However, with the increase of wind and solar grid-connected capacity, the power system also requires more flexible resources to ensure safe operation.
When solar-wind generation within a grid exceeds its net power demand (i.e., total demand minus baseload), surplus power is first transferred to interconnected grids experiencing shortages, with the remaining surplus stored until capacity is reached. Any surplus beyond storage capacity is curtailed.
As the degree of interconnectivity increases, solar-wind development gradually shifts towards regions with distinct resource advantages, such as the midwestern United States for superior solar resources, and coastal or high-altitude areas for high wind energy potential (Fig. 2a, b).
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