Energy Storage''s Role as a Fast Frequency
Battery energy storage systems can provide FFR because they detect and react to changes in grid frequency in milliseconds.
Demand response and energy storage are sources of power system flexibility that increase the alignment between renewable energy generation and demand.
Energy storage systems (ESSs) are becoming key elements in improving the performance of both the electrical grid and renewable generation systems. They are able to store and release energy with a fast response time, thus participating in short-term frequency control.
As a result, energy storage and demand response are not needed; instead, integration of VRE requires changes in operational practices, which are expected to be lower in cost than additional storage deployment. Demand response and storage are among a limited set of options in the latter category of tools.
Power system operators can weigh the benefits of demand response and storage against implementation costs. Many storage technologies are still costly and somewhat ineficient, because only 70–85% of stored energy is recoverable. Demand response programs typically do not incur such an eficiency penalty.
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